Notes

1 John Tanton interviewed by Otis L. Graham, Jr., A Skirmish in a Wider War: An Oral History of John H. Tanton, Founder of FAIR, recorded April 20-21, 1989, printed 1992, p. 84.

2 Paul Feldman, Groups Funding Of Immigration Measure Assailed; Politics: Critics Say Proposition 187 Drive Is Getting Money From Foundation That Backs Racial Research. Proponents Counter That Charges Are A Smear Tactic, Los Angeles Times, September 10, 1994, p. B3.

3 Marilyn Kalfus, Pro-Prop. 187 group admits it bought ads; POLITICS: FAIR says it only attempted to clear its name, Orange County Register, October 26, 1994, p. A12.

4 Proposition 187, San Francisco Chronicle, November 10, 1994, p. B4.

5 Paul Feldman and Patrick J. McDonnell, Prop. 187 Sponsors Swept Up In National Whirlwind; Immigration: Callers Seek Help In Carrying Effort To Other States. Some Believe Next Step Is Up To Congress, Los Angeles Times, November 14, 1994, p. A1.

6 In 2005, there were 37 groups in 25 states. Two years later, there were 255 groups in 42 states. As of September 2007, there are 332 nativist groups. See Mapping the New Nativism, Building Democracy Monthly, January 2007. http://www.buildingdemocracy.org

7 Leonard Zeskind, The New Nativism:The Alarming Overlap Between White Nationalists and Mainstream Anti-Immigrant Forces, The American Prospect, November 2005, p. A15.

8 Clifford D. May, Californias Proposition 187 heats up debate over sanctity of U.S. borders, Rocky Mountain News, December 4, 1994, Pg. 96A.

9 Zeskind, A15.

10 9/11 Families for a Secure America, Immigration Reform Caucus meeting, June 7, 2006, http://www.911fsa.org/articles/art2006jun13.html.

11 Southern Poverty Law Center, Defending Immigrants: An Interview with Rick Swartz, The Intelligence Report, www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=91

12 Huckabee Says Some Anti-Immigration Sentiment In GOP Driven By Racism, The Frontrunner, May 17, 2006.

13 Cite language from the 14th Amendment.

14 David M. Drucker, Immigration Foes Retooling Caucus, Roll Call, March 12, 2007.

15 For more on the Federation for American Immigration Reform see, Background Report on the Federation for American Immigration Reform, (Chicago: Center for New Community, November 2004).

16 Dana Wilkie, Ex-congressman Bilbray burdened by lobbyist label, Copley News Service, March 6, 2006.

17 Stuart Silverstein, Out-of-State Students Sue Over Tuition; Plaintiffs are challenging California practices that require them to pay higher college costs than some illegal immigrants, Los Angeles Times, December 15, 2005.

18 Philip J. LaValle and Dani Dodge , Bilbray Edges Out Busby, San Diego Union Tribune, June 7, 2006.

19 David M. Drucker, Immigration Foes Retooling Caucus, Roll Call, March 12, 2007.

20 Ibid.

21 Rural (22 to 62) blue collar (22 to 39).

22 Michael R. Alvarez and Tara L. Butterfield, The Resurgence of Nativism in California? The Case of Proposition 187 and Illegal Immigration, Social Science Quarterly, Volume 81, Number 1, March 2000, pp. 167-179. M.V. Hood III and Irwin L. Morris, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? Racial/Ethnic Context and the Anglo Vote on Proposition 187, Social Science Quarterly, Volume 81, Number 1, March 2000. pp. 194-206. Caroline J. Tolbert and Robert E. Hero, Race/Ethnicity and Direct Democracy: An Analysis of Californias Illegal Immigration Initiative, Journal of Politics, Volume 58, 1996, pp. 806-18. Jane Adams Prop. 187-Whats to Be Learned? RaceFile, Vol. 3 No. 1, January-February 1995. CNN, 2004 Election Results: Ballot Measures / Arizona Proposition 200 / Exit Poll, http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004//pages/results/states/AZ/I/01/epolls.0.html.

23 For those analysts who have wondered about the fate of the Christian right during Pres. Bushs second term, they might begin to look at the new nativism for their answers.

24 A note on methodology. The HIRC member campaign contribution data is from the 2005-2006 election cycle data downloaded from the Federal Elections Commission (FEC), including the 2005-2006 candidate master file, the committee master file, the individual contributions file and its additions, changes and deletions, the itemized records file, and the itemized committee contributions file. The data is downloadable at http://www.fec.gov/finance/disclosure/ftpdet.shtml#a2005Í2006.

The 2005-2006 FEC committee master file contains one record for each committee registered with the FEC. This includes federal political action committees and party committees, campaign committees for presidential, house and senate candidates, as well as groups or organizations who are spending money for or against candidates for federal office.

The candidate master file contains one record for each candidate who has either registered with the FEC or appeared on a ballot list prepared by a state elections office. The file contains basic information about the candidate, including name, party, whether the candidate is an incumbent, challenger, or involved in an open seat, address, state and district in which the candidate is running and the year of the election for which the candidate is registered. The individual contributions file contains each contribution from an individual to a federal committee if the contribution was at least $200. The itemized committee contributions file contains each contribution or independent expenditure made by a PAC, party committee, candidate committee, or other federal committee to a candidate during the two-year election cycle. The itemized records (miscellaneous transactions) file contains all transactions (contributions, transfers, etc. among federal committees). It contains all data in the itemized committee contributions file plus PAC contributions to party committees, party transfers from state committee to state committee, and party transfers from national committee to state committee.

Each of the FEC files was imported into a SQL Server database, and the changes and deletions file was run to clean and update the data. After the importation process we ran specific queries to work specifically with HIRC member data and to extract the information we needed. Those queries included: individual contributions to HIRC members by name, city, state, and zip code; total number of individual contributions by state; all committee contributions to HIRC members; PAC contributions to HIRC members vs. total contributions; and US Immigration Reform PAC contributors. After each query was completed we exported the data to Excel to allow for additional sorting and analysis of the data.

25 Anti-immigrant groups like the Minutemen have targeted day laborers at Home Depots around the country. See Susan McMillan, Roger O. Crockett and Christopher Palmeri, IF WE CAN TAKE ONE BIG EMPLOYER DOWN...The Minuteman Project, the controversial border watchdog, is now targeting companies that hire undocumented workers, Business Week, August 21, 2006, p. 30. Oscar Avila, Day-labor debate flares in Cicero; Minutemen, critics hold separate rallies, Chicago Tribune, January 8, 2006, p. C3.

26 NRAs Institute for Legislative Action gives far less in campaign contributions, $69,537of which $14,302 went to HIRC members.

27 David Whitney, Citizen by Birth? Lungren skeptical, Sacramento Bee, September 10, 2007.